Modélisation et identification statistique des machines synchrones : outils et concepts

Importance socio-économique de l'identification de la machine synchrone -- L'identification des systèmes : l'approche -- Évolution de l'identification structurale de la machine synchrone -- Les problèmes de l'identification structurale de la machine synchrone -- L'identification paramétrique de la machine synchrone : l'état de l'art -- Problèmes de l'identification paramétrique de la machine synchrone -- Ajutstement des équations de Park de la machine synchrone -- Modélisation mathématique et paramétrique de la machine synchrone -- Mise en oeuvre numérique des modèles et exemples de simulation -- Conception et mise en oeuvre d'expériences optimales pour l'identification de la machine synchrone -- Caractérisation des modèles de la machine synchrone -- Identification paramétrique de la machine synchrone -- Application aux essais réels I : performances comparées du maximum de vraisemblance dans l'estimation des paramètres de l'alternateur A3 de la centrale la Grande3 (Hydro-Québec) -- Application aux essais réels II : estimation aux moindres carrés itérativement repondérés des paramètres de l'alternateur A3 de la centrale Rapide-Des-Quinze (Hydro-Québec)

Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis in Wind Energy Conversion Systems: A Review

International audienceThere is a constant need for the reduction of operational and maintenance costs of Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS). The most efficient way of reducing these costs would be to continuously monitor the condition of these systems. This allows for early detection of the degeneration of the generator health, facilitating a proactive response, minimizing downtime, and maximizing productivity. Wind generators are also inaccessible since they are situated on extremely high towers, which are normally 20 m or greater in height. There are also plans to increase the number of offshore sites increasing the need for a remote means of WECS monitoring that eliminates some of the difficulties faced due to accessibility problems. Therefore and due to the importance of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis in WECS (blades, drive trains, and generators); and keeping in mind the need for future research, this paper is intended as a tutorial overview based on a review of the state of the art, describing different type of faults, their generated signatures, and their diagnostic schemes

The State of the Art of Generators for Wind Energy Conversion Systems

International audienceWind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) have become a focal point in the research of renewable energy sources. This paper provides then a comparative study of past and present generator technologies used in WECS. This study is based on an exhaustive review of the state of the art and on an effective comparison of the performances of the four main topologies that are permanent magnet generators, synchronous generators, induction generators and doubly-fed induction generators. The different generator-WECS schemes are compared on the basis of topology, cost, efficiency, power consumption and control complexity. Moreover, attempts are made to highlight future issues so as to index some emerging solutions

The State of the Art of Generators for Wind Energy Conversion Systems

International audienceWind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) have become a focal point in the research of renewable energy sources. This paper provides then a comparative study of past and present generator technologies used in WECS. This study is based on an exhaustive review of the state of the art and on an effective comparison of the performances of the four main topologies that are permanent magnet generators, synchronous generators, induction generators and doubly-fed induction generators. The different generator-WECS schemes are compared on the basis of topology, cost, efficiency, power consumption and control complexity. Moreover, attempts are made to highlight future issues so as to index some emerging solutions

Second order sliding-mode for direct power control of DFIG under distorted grid

This study proposes a sliding-mode direct power control (SMDPC) strategy for a grid-connected bidirectional power converters feeding a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) with slip power recovery. The control design, based on the second-order sliding modes (SOSM) is adopted to control both converters rotor side converter (RSC) and the grid side converter (GSC). Simulations performed under Matlab/Simulink validate the feasibility of the designed SMPC. Simulation results on a 200VA DFIG system under normal and faulted grid voltage conditions demonstrate good performance of the SMPC in terms of robustness, stability and precision

Determination of fault operation dynamical constraints for the design of wind turbine DFIG drives

This paper presents an efficient design tool for the estimation of the transient electromagnetic peak torque and transient rotor over-voltages of wind turbines (WT) doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG) during severe fault conditions on the grid side. This versatile and robust tool is well adapted to the implementation in a DFIG drives CAD environment using iterative optimization procedures. In such an application, it is used to compute the dynamical constraints function during the integrated design process of the whole drive including the generator, the gearbox and the power converters. Results show that it is necessary to take into account the dynamical constraints under fault operation, during the early steps of the system design process. Another application of the tool is also illustrated in the paper: the design of the protection system (i.e. the crowbar resistance) for a given generator, a given gearbox and a given power converter

Sliding mode control for voltage source converter applied to wind energy systems

This paper focuses on a sliding mode power controller (SMPC) of a three-phase grid-connected voltage source converter (VSC). The proposed control scheme aims at regulating the DC-link voltage of the converter and precisely tracking arbitrary power references, in order to easily control the system's power factor. Measures are also proposed to reduce the chattering effects inherent to SMC. Simulations performed under Matlab/Simulink validate the feasibility of the designed SMPC. Simulation results on a 1kVA grid-connected VSC under normal and faulted grid voltage conditions demonstrate good performance of the SMPC in terms of robustness, stability and precision

Electric Circuit Model for the Aerodynamic Performance Analysis of a Three-Blade Darrieus-Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine: The Tchakoua Model

The complex and unsteady aerodynamics of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) pose significant challenges for simulation tools. Recently, significant research efforts have focused on the development of new methods for analysing and optimising the aerodynamic performance of VAWTs. This paper presents an electric circuit model for Darrieus-type vertical axis wind turbine (DT-VAWT) rotors. The novel Tchakoua model is based on the mechanical description given by the Paraschivoiu double-multiple streamtube model using a mechanical‑electrical analogy. Model simulations were conducted using MATLAB for a three-bladed rotor architecture, characterized by a NACA0012 profile, an average Reynolds number of 40,000 for the blade and a tip speed ratio of 5. The results obtained show strong agreement with findings from both aerodynamic and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models in the literature

An enhanced current control scheme for microgrids supporting inverters applications

Accelerated developments of renewable energy production technologies and their integration to existing AC microgrids have led to the emergence of several new inverters control schemes. The recently introduced proportional resonant (PR) controllers have the ability to precisely track AC quantities and are increasingly used in grid supporting inverters, especially for current control loops which are at the heart of power transfers. In this paper, the PR-controller action is analyzed and an enhancement is proposed. It is shown that the classical implementation is particularly sensitive to high frequency noises coming from measurements and relocating the proportional action (RPA) on the feedback path can overcome this issue. The proposed improvement was evaluated using bit-true simulations in the Matlab/Simulink ® environment. Obtained results show good noise and overshoot suppression using the proposed PR-controller with RPA